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Observational Priorities in CCSP Program Elements
Atmospheric Composition (Chapter 5)
Continue global observation of ozone distribution and
trends, and a representative sample of source, reservoir, and tracer
molecules that govern stratospheric chemistry.
Develop and implement global observations of aerosol
distribution and properties.
Improve surface-, aircraft-, and space-based measurements of
global and regional troposphere pollutants, and atmospheric chemistry.
Climate Variability and Change (Chapter 6)
Maintain and improve long-term space-based and in situ
observations of temperature, humidity, wind strength and direction,
clouds, precipitation, pressure, sea ice, snow cover, glaciers, and ice
sheets.
Develop and maintain an Integrated Ocean Observing System,
combining in situ and satellite observations, to monitor ocean
topography and circulation, heat content, salinity, sea level, and
ocean-atmosphere exchange of momentum, heat, and freshwater.
Maintain and improve space-based and in situ
measurements of key climate forcings (greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar
radiation, and land cover change)
Develop and maintain the continuity and consistency of
climate-quality observations of atmospheric temperature, water vapor,
and clouds by operational environmental satellites.
Develop and implement space-based global measurements of
precipitation, continental soil moisture, soil freezing/thawing, and
snow accumulation.
Maintain and expand surface-based operational measurements
of precipitation, soil moisture, snow accumulation, river discharge,
groundwater levels, water chemistry, and other hydrologic variables.
Develop and implement systematic regional hydrologic,
climate, and radiation measurement test beds, and advanced technologies
involving ground based remote sensing and water isotope analysis.
Land Use and Land Cover Change (Chapter 8)
Maintain high-resolution observations of rapid changes in
global land cover and land use.
Maintain the research quality of long-term, global
observations of land cover and land use at low and moderate resolution
through the transition to operational observing systems.
Develop in situ ecosystem observations and the
collection of relevant local and regional socioeconomic data.
Improve links between ground-based and remote-sensing land
use and land management data systems.
Maintain and expand a research program to evaluate the
utility of existing and planned sensing systems to assess their utility
for land use/land cover change applications.
Strengthen and ensure the continuity of continental
inventories of forests, other ecosystems, and major land uses, and
derived estimates of soil carbon storage.
Continue and enhance a national carbon dioxide (CO2)
flux measurement network that covers all major ecosystem types, and
promote the development of a worldwide network of cooperating sites.
Strengthen and ensure the continuity of global oceanic
chlorophyll observations, and derived estimates of oceanic primary
productivity and carbon budget.
Strengthen and ensure the continuity of surface-based
measurement of ocean carbon and air-sea carbon flux.
Expand age, size, and vertical structure measurements of
forests with known management histories.
Develop satellite remote sensing capabilities to determine
terrestrial ecosystem productivity.
Increase collection of ground truth data at Long Term
Ecological Research and similar sites in all major natural and managed
ecosystem types.
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